The unique feature of lithium iron phosphate battery is the olive-type crystal structure. The crystal is the shape after crystallization, divided into ions/molecules/atoms/metal crystals. The ionic crystals of lithium ion batteries take the shape of the ionic compounds in the positive electrode material. It means a crystal formed by the combination of positive and negative ions in a certain proportion through ionic bonds. Generally speaking, ionic crystals are brittle and hard, have high melting point and high boiling point, and can conduct electricity when they are melted or dissolved. All lithium-ion batteries, including lithium iron phosphate battery technology, are based on ion conductivity.

Most of the internal crystal structure of lithium ion battery positive electrode adopts a 'spinel structure' arrangement, such as lithium manganese oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, and ternary lithium battery. This structure is composed of 8 small cubic units. The spar unit cell (the unit that makes up the crystal, can be literally understood as the crystal cell), and the unit cell is combined into an octahedral crystal structure. The olive-shaped crystals of lithium iron phosphate batteries are short cylinders.

The above three types of lithium batteries with spinel structure have their own characteristics. Lithium cobalt oxide batteries have excellent overall performance, but have low capacity and safety problems. They are more expensive for market promotion. Lithium manganese oxide batteries have good materials, low cost, and safety, but they have poor cycle performance and storage performance; three Yuan lithium battery is intended to reconcile the shortcomings of the two, the capacity has increased, and the stability of the structure has also improved the safety, but the price is still relatively expensive, because it also needs the strategic raw material cobalt. The general disadvantage of spinel lithium-ion batteries is that they have low power and are not suitable for large-scale.

The technical characteristics and economy of lithium iron phosphate batteries are suitable for large and medium-sized market scenarios. Specifically:

1. The voltage of lithium iron phosphate battery is moderate: the nominal voltage is 3.2V, the termination charging voltage is 3.6V, and the termination discharge voltage is 2.0V;

2. The theoretical capacity is large, and the energy density is 170mAh/g;

3. Good thermal stability and high temperature resistance;

4. Moderate energy storage, the cathode material is compatible with most electrolyte systems;

5. The termination voltage is 2.0V, which can discharge more capacity, and the discharge capacity is large and balanced;

6. The characteristics of the voltage platform are good, and the balance of the charge and discharge voltage platform can be close to that of a regulated power supply.

The above technical characteristics enable the realization of high power and safety ideals, which strongly promotes the large-scale application of lithium iron phosphate batteries.

In addition to technical characteristics, lithium iron phosphate batteries have two market-oriented advantages: 1. Cheap raw materials and abundant resources; 2. No precious metals, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly products. This makes the application of lithium iron phosphate batteries shine in the current new energy vehicle market and has become the preferred energy storage technology for base stations.